| Defect | Type of Murmur | Where Is It Heard? | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic Stenosis | Ejection Systolic | 2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum | Dyspnoea with activity, anginal chest pain, and syncope |
| Aortic Regurgitation | Early Diastolic | 2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum | Symptoms of heart failure |
| Mitral Stenosis | Mid-late Diastolic | Apex | Symptoms of heart failure |
| Mitral Regurgitation | Pan-Systolic | Apex | Symptoms of congestive heart failure |
| Pulmonary Stenosis | Ejection Systolic | 2nd intercostal space to the left of the sternum | Systemic cyanosis |
| Pulmonary Regurgitation | Early Diastolic | 2nd intercostal space to the left of the sternum | Symptoms of right-sided heart failure |
| Tricuspid Stenosis | Diastolic Rumble | Lower right sternal edge | Fluttering discomfort in the neck |
| Tricuspid Regurgitation | Pan-Systolic | Lower right sternal edge | Symptoms of right-sided heart failure |
