In cardiac tamponade there is characteristically no Y descent on the JVP. The other four features are seen in both cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis Cardiac tamponade Features dyspnoea raised JVP, with an absent Y descent – this is due …
This lady has pre-existing hypertension. Pregnancy related blood pressure problems (such as pregnancyinduced hypertension or pre-eclampsia) do not occur before 20 weeks. The raised ambulatory blood pressure readings exclude a diagnosis of white-coat hypertension. Note the use of the term …
Myoglobin rises first following a myocardial infarction Cardiac enzymes and protein markers Interpretation of the various cardiac enzymes has now largely been superceded by the introduction of troponin T and I. Questions still however commonly appear in the MRCP Key …
Next question Hypocalcaemia, not hypercalcaemia, causes prolongation of the QT interval and hence may predispose to the development of torsade de pointes Long QT syndrome Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited condition associated with delayed repolarization of the ventricles. …
LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK (LBBB) It is always good to be able to recognise a LBBB on an ECG LBBB is best seen in lead V6, where you would see a broad complex with an “M” morphology. This broad complex …
It is clear from the stem that this patient has mitral regurgitation. There are two types of mitral regurgitation: primary (degenerative) MR and secondary (functional) MR. From the patient’s past medical history we can see that she has had a …
Acute renal failure is one of the causes of hyperkaleimia. Together with the ECG findings points towards hyperkaleimia as the answer. ECG CHARACTERISTICS IN ELECTROLYTE DISBALANCE Hyperkalaemia: Tall-tented T waves, small P waves, widened QRS leading to a sinusoidal pattern …
Acute renal failure is one of the causes of hyperkaleimia. Together with the ECG findings points towards hyperkaleimia as the answer. ECG CHARACTERISTICS IN ELECTROLYTE DISBALANCE Hyperkalaemia: Tall-tented T waves, small P waves, widened QRS leading to a sinusoidal pattern …
If you look at V1 alone, you would see the characteristic “flutter waves” which are a “sawtooth” shape. The flutter waves replace the P waves. In general, this is managed in the same way as an atrial fibrillation. ATRIAL FLUTTER …