Not all myocardial infarction presents with the typical cardiac chest pain symptoms. Some may present with atypical chest pain which can be described as an ache or discomfort. Other atypical symptoms include abdominal discomfort or epigastric pain. As there is …
The patient has mitral regurgitation secondary to rheumatic fever. Some exam clinchers for mitral regurgitation: Previous disease that affects the mitral valve Signs and symptoms of pulmonary oedema will appear in the stem Panysystolic murmur at the cardiac apex is …
 Common Heart Murmurs Defect Type of Murmur Where Is It Heard? Symptoms Aortic Stenosis Ejection Systolic 2nd intercostal space to the right of the sternum Dyspnoea with activity, anginal chest pain, and syncope Aortic Regurgitation Early Diastolic 2nd intercostal …
A low respiratory rate, constricted pupils, semiconscious are features of opioid poisoning. Naloxone is a specific antagonist for opioids and used especially in opioid overdose to reverse coma and respiratory depression. When given intravenously, it can begin to work within …
STAGES OF HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK For adults, the clinical staging relating to loss of blood volume can be classified as: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Blood loss 10- 15% 15-30% 30-40% Over 40% Blood pressur e Normal Postural …
This is not a clear cut question and the most likely diagnosis here is limited systemicsclerosis. Both limited and diffuse systemic sclerosis may present with pain in hands whenexposed to cold (Raynaud’s phenomena). The classical features of Raynaud’sphenomenon are episodic …
Sensitivity and specificity calculations are very commonly asked. Below you would find a table and a formula to memorise and understand for the purpose of the exam. Disease present Disease absent Test positive a b Test negative c d Sensitivity …
Normal capillary refill time is usually less than 2 seconds. Prolonged capillary refill time is a sign of clinical shock. Intravenous fluid should be started immediately. A 2 year old child can have a heart rate anywhere between 80 to …
Labetalol is the most studied antihypertensive in pregnancy with the safest profile. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Te gehneral management for gestational hypertension can be summarized below: Degree of Hypertension Mild Hypertension (140/90 to 149/99 mmHg) Moderate Hypertension (150/100 to 159/109 mmHg) …
Pyloric Stenosis: Presentation: Projectile non-bilious vomiting Age group: 3-8 weeks Olive sized abdominal mass The child will feel hungry and want to feed despite constant vomiting Diagnosis: Abdominal ultrasound Treatment: Metabolic alkalosis – correct electrolyte imbalance + dehydration Then referral …