HELLP syndrome This is a serious complication regarded by most as a variant of severe pre- eclampsiawhich manifests with haemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelets(LP). Liver enzymes usually increase and platelets decrease before haemolysis occurs. The syndrome …
The symptoms here are representative of hypomania which can be thought of as a milder form of mania. With hypomania, there is higher than normal energy levels but they do not generally lead to hospitalization whereas manic episodes usually last …
Postnatal depression is seen commonly among women affecting up to 10% of women giving birth. Cyring, not bonding, worrying and feeling as if she cannot cope is a typical presentation of postnatal depression COMPARISON OF POSTPARTUM BLUES, POSTNATAL DEPRESSION, POSTPARTUM …
The clinical picture here represents metabolic acidosis. This is likely from aspirin poisoning. With aspirin overdose, they initially hyperventilate leadingto respiratory alkalosis initially. The initial phase could last up to 12 hours. Following that, progressive metabolic acidosis occurs. This usually …
Adrenaline is by far the most important drug in anaphylaxis and should be given as soon as possible. This girl is 9 years old hence 0.3ml of adrenaline is appropriate for her age (6 to 12 years old). The recommended …
Most cases of haemolytic uremic syndrome develop in children after 2 to 14 days of diarrhoea often bloody, due to infection with a certain strain of E. coli. Common features include abdominal pain, fever, features of renal failure like nausea/vomiting …
This patient has a haemolytic anaemia. A direct antiglobulin test is a synonym for a direct Coombs test. The direct Coombs test is used to test for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia or in other words any condition of an anaemia caused …
The table below is a short summary of common findings given in the exam to help you differentiate between the cause of the anaemia. Microcytic Macrocytic Iron deficiency Fe ↓ Ferritin ↓ TIBC t Thalassamia Normal iron studies Electrophoresis to …
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) Aetiology Most cases of acute leukaemia arise with no apparent cause. There areseveral well known associations with the development of acute leukaemiathat are sometimes present. These include radiation exposure,chemotherapeutic agents, as well as some retroviruses. Clinical …
The two main contenders for an answer to this question are tuberculosis and lymphoma. Tuberculosis is improbable because New York City (USA) is not a tuberculosis prone area. The main TB prone areas that you have to take note of …