C. Left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% – Explanation
Acute coronary syndrome: prognostic factors
The 2006 Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) study has been used to derive
regression models to predict death in hospital and death after discharge in patients with acute
coronary syndrome
Poor prognostic factors
- age
- development (or history) of heart failure
- peripheral vascular disease
- reduced systolic blood pressure
- Killip class*
- initial serum creatinine concentration
- elevated initial cardiac markers
- cardiac arrest on admission
- ST segment deviation
*Killip class – system used to stratify risk post myocardial infarction
| Killip class | Features | 30 day mortality |
| I | No clinical signs heart failure | 6% |
| II | Lung crackles, S3 | 17% |
| III | Frank pulmonary oedema | 38% |
| IV | Cardiogenic shock | 81% |
