C. Ribosome – Explanation
Cell organelles
The table below summarizes the main functions of the major cell organelles:
| Organelle/Macromolecule | Main Function |
|---|---|
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) |
| Golgi apparatus | Sorting and modification of proteins |
| Mitochondrion | Aerobic respiration. Contains mitochondrial genome as circular DNA |
| Nucleus | DNA maintenance and RNA transcription |
| Lysosome | Breakdown of large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides |
| Nucleolus | Ribosome production |
| Ribosome | Translation of RNA into proteins |
| Peroxisome | Breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide |
| Proteasome | Along with lysosome pathway involved in degradation of large protein molecules |
