Epidural haematoma – lucid interval Head injury Types of traumatic brain injury: Extradural (epidural) haematoma Bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the skull. Often results from acceleration-deceleration trauma or a blow to the side of the head. …
Phonophobia occurs in around three-quarters of patients. Migraine: diagnostic criteria The International Headache Society has produced the following diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura: A At least 5 attacks fulfilling criteria B-D B Headache attacks lasting 4-72 hours* (untreated or …
Dystrophia myotonica – DM1 distal weakness initially autosomal dominant diabetes dysarthria Myotonic dystrophy Myotonic dystrophy (also called dystrophia myotonica) is an inherited myopathy with features developing at around 20-30 years old. It affects skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. There are …
Brain lesions The following neurological disorders/features may allow localisation of a brain lesion: Gross anatomy Parietal lobe lesions sensory inattention apraxias astereognosis (tactile agnosia) inferior homonymous quadrantanopia Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation …
Brain lesions The following neurological disorders/features may allow localisation of a brain lesion: Gross anatomy Parietal lobe lesions sensory inattention apraxias astereognosis (tactile agnosia) inferior homonymous quadrantanopia Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation …
Post-lumbar puncture headache Headache following lumbar puncture (LP) occurs in approximately one-third of patients. The pathophysiology of is unclear but may relate to a ‘leak’ of CSF following dural puncture. Post-LP headaches are more common in young females with a …
Only those at risk of occupational exposure (i.e. Healthcare workers) and patients with chronic kidney disease require an anti-HBs check. Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a double-stranded DNA virus and is spread through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, …
The transmission rate of HIV is relatively low compared to hepatitis B and C. Post-exposure prophylaxis Hepatitis A Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIG) or hepatitis A vaccine may be used depending on the clinical situation Hepatitis B HBsAg positive source: if …
The obvious clue in this question is the short incubation period – this points to a diagnosis ofStaphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus. Bacillus cereus infection is often associated with Chinese restaurants due to the link with rice There are two …
Congenital toxoplasmosis cerebral calcification chorioretinitis A form of ‘salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis is also seen in congenital rubella but this is not a common feature. Chorioretinitis is found in around 75% of patients with congenital toxoplasmosis. Congenital infections The major …