D. Quinine – Explanation
Tinnitus
Causes of tinnitus include:
| Meniere’s disease | Associated with hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus and sensation of fullness or pressure in one or both ears |
| Otosclerosis | Onset is usually at 20-40 years Conductive deafness Tinnitus Normal tympanic membrane* Positive family history |
| Acoustic neuroma | Hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus Absent corneal reflex is important sign Associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 |
| Hearing loss | Causes include excessive loud noise and presbycusis |
| Drugs | Aspirin Aminoglycosides Loop diuretics Quinine |
Other causes include
- impacted ear wax
- chronic suppurative otitis media
*10% of patients may have a ‘flamingo tinge’, caused by hyperaemia
