C. Bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement – Explanation
Prosthetic heart valves – mechanical valves last longer and tend to be given to younger patients
Prosthetic heart valves
The most common valves which need replacing are the aortic and mitral valve. There are two main
options for replacement: biological (bioprosthetic) or mechanical.
| Biological (bioprosthetic) valves | Mechanical valves |
| Usually bovine or porcine in origin
Major disadvantage is structural deterioration and Long-term anticoagulation not usually needed. Warfarin |
The most common type now implanted is the bileaflet valve. Ball-andcage valves are rarely used nowadaysMechanical valves have a low failure rate Major disadvantage is the increased risk of thrombosis meaning longterm anticoagulation is needed. Aspirin is normally given in addition unless there is a contraindication. Target INR
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Following the 2008 NICE guidelines for prophylaxis of endocarditis antibiotics are no longer
recommended for common procedures such as dental work.
