C. Rubella – Explanation
Congenital rubella
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Congenital infections
The major congenital infections encountered in examinations are rubella, toxoplasmosis and
cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital infection in the UK. Maternal infection is usually
asymptomatic
| Rubella | Toxoplasmosis | Cytomegalovirus | |
| Characteristic features | Sensorineural deafness Congenital cataracts Congenital heart disease (e.g. patent ductus arteriosus) Glaucoma |
Cerebral calcification Chorioretinitis Hydrocephalus |
Growth retardation Purpuric skin lesions |
| Other features | Growth retardation Hepatosplenomegaly Purpuric skin lesions ‘Salt and pepper’ chorioretinitis Microphthalmia Cerebral palsy |
Anaemia Hepatosplenomegaly Cerebral palsy |
Sensorineural deafness Encephalitiis Pneumonitis Hepatosplenomegaly Anaemia Jaundice Cerebral pals |
